Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control

Pollution Control is the process of reducing and eliminating the release of pollutants into the environment. It’s regulated by various environmental agencies which establish pollutant discharge limits for air, water, and land. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it formed. Green Chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances.

Environmental Disasters have a severely harmful effect on ecosystems. These catastrophes are often short in duration but have an abiding impact on the animals and plants that live in the affected habitat. Occasionally environmental catastrophes change the physical environment so much that the damage to the ecosystem is permanent. Sometimes, environmental damage can be contained and the habitat retrained. Environmental Disasters fall into two categories.

Climate Change caused by changes in temperatures and weather patterns. These shift changes may be natural such as through variations in the solar cycle. Global Warming is due to warming of the planet's overall temperature. Global Warming refers to the increase in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate Change refers to the increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time including precipitation, temperature and wind patterns.

Atmospheric Chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science, which is used to know the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. Atmospheric Chemistry plays a crucial role in climate change by controlling the amount and distribution of important climate forcing agents such as water vapor, methane or tropospheric and stratospheric ozone.

Marine chemistry is also known as ocean chemistry or chemical oceanography, is influenced by plate tectonics and seafloor spreading, turbidity currents, sediments, pH levels, atmospheric constituents, metamorphic activity, and ecology. Marine Chemistry plays an important role in understanding the distribution and reactivity of chemical components within the ocean and at the earth−ocean, sediment−ocean, and atmosphere−ocean interfaces. Soil chemistry is used to study the chemical characteristics of soil. Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors.

Water Science is the study of water and its interaction with solids, liquids, gases and organisms in various Earth systems. Some of the sources of water like rivers and lakes are become contaminated due to industrial pollution and poor policymaking. Water is one of the most required natural resources for all life on Earth. The availability and quality of water always have played a key part in determining not only where people can live, but also their quality of life.

Environmental Geology is the branch of geology that's concerned with the interactions between humans and the geologic environment- rocks, water, air, soil, life. Environmental Geology is originally a way of applying geologic knowledge to identify, remediate and hopefully prevent environmental problems from occurring as a result of people. Environmental chemistry studies the processes controlling the distribution and availability of chemical species within the earth’s critical zone. By Combining chemistry, hydrology, hydrogeology, soil science, mineralogy, and microbiology, environmental geochemists examine processes including soil chemistry, chemical weathering, solute transport and deposition and biological uptake and release to traces the movement of nutrients and contaminants around the earth’s surface.

Agricultural Chemistry is the study of chemistry mainly organic chemistry and biochemistry as they relate to agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and environmental monitoring and reformation. Agricultural Chemistry is a science concerned with ways to control chemical and biochemical processes in soil and plants- with plant mineral nutrition and with using fertilizers and other chemical means to improve fertility and increase yield. Food Chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the chemistry behind the biochemical nature of food, its properties and how they are processed in the body. 

An Ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals and other organisms as well as weather and landscape work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystem consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal factors. External factors like climate, parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Internal factors are controlled by decomposition, root competition, shading, disturbance, succession, and the types of species present.